Carbohydrate Binding Module Family 73

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• Author: ^^^Zarah Forsberg^^^
• Responsible Curator: ^^^Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad^^^

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CAZy DB link

http://www.cazy.org/CBM73.html

Ligand specificities

Family 73 CBMs are modules of approximately 60 residues that are appended to bacterial enzymes associated to chitin degradation [1, 2, 3]. Binding to amorphous and crystalline α- and β-chitin has been demonstrated [1, 2].

Structural Features

Currently no crystal structure or NMR data is available for CBM73s, but circular dichroism experiments of the CBM from the Vibrio cholera GlcNAc-binding protein (GbpA, VcLPMO10B) revealed a β secondary structure [2]. Sequence alignment shows that the CBM73 are distantly related to chitin-binding modules belonging to Family 5 CBMs (that are Type A CBMs). Despite low sequence similarity, conserved aromatic amino acids of the CBM5s responsible for substrate-binding [4] align well with similar residues in the CBM73s [1, 3]. Two additional aromatic residues are found in CBM73s compared to CBM5s. Compatibly, a somewhat lower Kd for α-chitin was observed for the C-terminal CBM73 of the Cellvibrio japonicus LPMO (CjLPMO10A) relative to its internal CBM5 [1] (Fig. 1).

Functionalities

CBM73s are found in Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Proteobacteria and are covalently attached to chitin degrading enzymes such as GH18 and GH19 chitinases [2, 5], AA10 chitin-oxidizing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases [1, 2] and often in combination with a CBM5 chitin-binding module. In chitin degrading enzymes from C. japonicus, the CBM73s are found internally as well as in the N- or C-terminus (Fig. 1). The CBM73 from CjLPMO10A (together with the CBM5) strongly promotes targeting and binding of crystalline α- and β-chitin as the LPMO domain alone binds weakly to its substrate. Removal of the two CBMs (CBM5 and CBM73) in CjLPMO10A reduces the lifetime of the catalytic AA10 domain and decreases the overall product yield. A CBM73 has also been found appended to a serine protease/peptidoglycan hydrolase from Vibrio vulnificus. Truncation of the two CBMs (CBM5 and CBM73) resulted in reduced peptidoglycan hydrolyzing activity but did not affect the protease activity [6].

Family Firsts

First Identified

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First Structural Characterization

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References

7. Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Rancurel C, Bernard T, Lombard V, and Henrissat B. (2009). The Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for Glycogenomics. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Database issue):D233-8. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkn663 |

8. Davies, G.J. and Sinnott, M.L. (2008) Sorting the diverse: the sequence-based classifications of carbohydrate-active enzymes. The Biochemist, vol. 30, no. 4., pp. 26-32. Download PDF version.

9. Boraston AB, Bolam DN, Gilbert HJ, and Davies GJ. (2004). Carbohydrate-binding modules: fine-tuning polysaccharide recognition. Biochem J. 2004;382(Pt 3):769-81. DOI:10.1042/BJ20040892 |
10. Hashimoto H (2006). Recent structural studies of carbohydrate-binding modules. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006;63(24):2954-67. DOI:10.1007/s00018-006-6195-3 |
11. Shoseyov O, Shani Z, and Levy I. (2006). Carbohydrate binding modules: biochemical properties and novel applications. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2006;70(2):283-95. DOI:10.1128/MMBR.00028-05 |
12. Guillén D, Sánchez S, and Rodríguez-Sanoja R. (2010). Carbohydrate-binding domains: multiplicity of biological roles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010;85(5):1241-9. DOI:10.1007/s00253-009-2331-y |