Glycoside Hydrolase Family 117

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• Author: ^^^Etienne Rebuffet^^^
• Responsible Curator: ^^^Mirjam Czjzek^^^

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Glycoside Hydrolase Family GH117
Clan	None
Mechanism	Not known
Active site residues	Not known
CAZy DB link
http://www.cazy.org/GH117.html

Substrate specificities

Figure 1: Phylogeny of GH117 family. From [1].

The only activity so far characterized within this recently discovered family of glycoside hydrolases is that of α-1,3-L-(3,6-anhydro)-galactosidase [1, 2, 3]. Nevertheless phylogenetic analyses (Figure 1) of this family together with activity tests for another member, Zg3597 (Clade C), show that the family GH117 most probably is polyspecific [1].

Kinetics and Mechanism

The catalytic mechanism of members of glycoside hydrolase family GH117 is still unknown. The first 3D structure revealed the presence of a zinc ion, directly coordinated only by water molecules, close to the active site, which could activate the catalytic water molecule and provide the energy needed for the enzymatic reaction [1]. Sequence alignments suggest that the enzymes of clades B and C do not bind zinc ions, which could be related to their difference in substrate specificity.

Catalytic Residues

From structural analysis and sequences alignments the catalytic residues have been predicted to be two out of the three acidic residues Asp-97, Asp-252 and Glu-310 (Zg4663 numbering) [1].

Three-dimensional structures

At the moment two members of GH117 family have been crystallized. Both are enzymes from marine bacteria, one from Saccharophagus degradans [4] and one from Zobelia galactanivorans [1]. A crystal structure has only been reported for the α-1,3-L-(3,6-anhydro)-galactosidase (AhgA, Zg4663) from Z. galactanivorans (PDB: 3p2n) [1]. AhgA adopts a five-bladed β-propeller fold and forms a dimer via domain-swapping of the N-terminal HTH (Helix-Turn-Helix) domain (Figure 2) [1]. Interestingly, previous sequences reported from Vibrio sp. JT0107 and Bacillus sp. MK03 contain the conserved domain-swapping signature SxAxxR in the HTH domain. Consistently, these proteins were reported to form multimers (a dimer and an octamer respectively), based on calibrated gel filtration estimations [2, 3]. In contrast, RB13146 (Clade B) lacks the domain-swapping signature, in which the crucial residues are missing. This enzyme from R. baltica thus likely occurs as a monomer and may represent an ‘ancestral’ form of the GH117 family, which would be limited to the catalytic β-propeller domain [1].

Figure 2: Structure of the dimer of AghA. From [1].

Family Firsts

First stereochemistry determination

not determined yet.

First catalytic nucleophile identification

not determined yet.

First general acid/base residue identification

not determined yet.

First 3-D structure

The first 3D structure was reported in 2011 for an α-1,3-L-(3,6-anhydro)-galactosidase (AhgA or Zg4663) from the marine bacteria Zobellia galactanivorans, PDB: 3p2n [1].

References

1. Rebuffet E, Groisillier A, Thompson A, Jeudy A, Barbeyron T, Czjzek M, and Michel G. (2011). Discovery and structural characterization of a novel glycosidase family of marine origin. Environ Microbiol. 2011;13(5):1253-70. DOI:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02426.x |
2. Sugano Y, Kodama H, Terada I, Yamazaki Y, and Noma M. (1994). Purification and characterization of a novel enzyme, alpha-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase (alpha-NAOS hydrolase), from a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain JT0107. J Bacteriol. 1994;176(22):6812-8. DOI:10.1128/jb.176.22.6812-6818.1994 |
3. Suzuki H, Sawai Y, Suzuki T, and Kawai K. (2002). Purification and characterization of an extracellular alpha-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase from Bacillus sp. MK03. J Biosci Bioeng. 2002;93(5):456-63. DOI:10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80092-5 |
4. Lee S, Lee JY, Ha SC, Jung J, Shin DH, Kim KH, and Choi IG. (2009). Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of neoagarobiose hydrolase from Saccharophagus degradans 2-40. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2009;65(Pt 12):1299-301. DOI:10.1107/S174430910904603X |