Glycoside Hydrolase Family 35

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• Authors: ^^^Alexander Golubev^^^ and ^^^Anna Kulminskaya^^^
• Responsible Curator: ^^^Anna Kulminskaya^^^

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Glycoside Hydrolase Family GH35
Clan	GH-A
Mechanism	retaining (inferred)
Active site residues	known
CAZy DB link
http://www.cazy.org/GH35.html

Substrate specificities

The major activity of enzymes of this GH family is β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23). Enzymes were isolated from microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and yeasts; plants, animals cells, and from recombinant sources. The β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) catalyses the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing β-D-galactose residues in β-D-galactosides as, for example, lactose (1,4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose) and structurally related compounds. GH35 includes multiple genes in various plant species [1], suggesting ubiquity of GH35 gene multiplicity in plants. The enzyme has two main applications; the removal of lactose from milk products for lactose intolerant people and the production of galactosylated products.

Besides β-galactosidases, GHF35 contains two exo-β-glucosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.165) [2,3]. This enzyme hydrolyze chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharides to remove successive D-glucosamine residues from the non-reducing termini.

This is an example of how to make references to a journal article [1]. (See the References section below). Multiple references can go in the same place like this [1, 2]. You can even cite books using just the ISBN [3]. References that are not in PubMed can be typed in by hand [4].

Kinetics and Mechanism

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Catalytic Residues

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Three-dimensional structures

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Family Firsts

First stereochemistry determination

Cite some reference here, with a short (1-2 sentence) explanation [1].

First catalytic nucleophile identification

Cite some reference here, with a short (1-2 sentence) explanation [4].

First general acid/base residue identification

Cite some reference here, with a short (1-2 sentence) explanation [2].

First 3-D structure

Cite some reference here, with a short (1-2 sentence) explanation [3].

References

1. Comfort DA, Bobrov KS, Ivanen DR, Shabalin KA, Harris JM, Kulminskaya AA, Brumer H, and Kelly RM. (2007). Biochemical analysis of Thermotoga maritima GH36 alpha-galactosidase (TmGalA) confirms the mechanistic commonality of clan GH-D glycoside hydrolases. Biochemistry. 2007;46(11):3319-30. DOI:10.1021/bi061521n |
2. He S and Withers SG. (1997). Assignment of sweet almond beta-glucosidase as a family 1 glycosidase and identification of its active site nucleophile. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(40):24864-7. DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.40.24864 |
3. Robert V. Stick and Spencer J. Williams. (2009) Carbohydrates. Elsevier Science.

4. Sinnott, M.L. (1990) Catalytic mechanisms of enzymic glycosyl transfer. Chem. Rev. 90, 1171-1202. DOI: 10.1021/cr00105a006

5. Tanthanuch W, Chantarangsee M, Maneesan J, and Ketudat-Cairns J. (2008). Genomic and expression analysis of glycosyl hydrolase family 35 genes from rice (Oryza sativa L.). BMC Plant Biol. 2008;8:84. DOI:10.1186/1471-2229-8-84 |