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Difference between revisions of "Syn/anti lateral protonation"
Wim Nerinckx (talk | contribs) (Added GH183 anti protonator) |
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− | + | {{CuratorApproved}} | |
− | {{ | + | * [[Author]]: [[User:Wim Nerinckx|Wim Nerinckx]] |
− | * [[Author]]: | + | * [[Responsible Curator]]: [[User:Spencer Williams|Spencer Williams]] |
− | * [[Responsible Curator]]: | ||
---- | ---- | ||
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The ''"not from above, but from the side"'' concept of semi-lateral glycosidic oxygen [[General_acid/base|protonation]] by [[glycoside hydrolase]]s was introduced by Heightman and Vasella <cite>HeightmanVasella1999</cite>. It was originally only described for [[Anomeric centre (alpha and beta)|beta]]-equatorial [[glycoside hydrolase]]s, but appears to be equally applicable to enzymes acting on an [[Anomeric centre (alpha and beta)|alpha]]-axial glycosidic bond <cite>Nerinckx2005</cite>. When dividing [[Sub-site nomenclature|subsite -1]] into half-spaces by a plane defined by the glycosidic oxygen and C1' and H1' of the –1 glycoside, many ligand-complexed structures reveal that the [[General_acid/base|proton donor]] is positioned either in the ''syn'' half-space (near the ring-oxygen of the –1 glycoside), or in the ''anti'' half-space (on the opposite side of the ring-oxygen). Members of the same GH [[Families|family]] appear to share a common ''syn'' or ''anti'' [[General_acid/base|protonator]] arrangement and further, this specificity appears to be preserved within [[Clans|Clans]] of [[Families|families]]. This page's compilation of [[Sub-site nomenclature|subsite -1]] occupied complexes shows that about 70% of all GH [[Families|families]] are ''anti'' [[General_acid/base|protonators]]. | The ''"not from above, but from the side"'' concept of semi-lateral glycosidic oxygen [[General_acid/base|protonation]] by [[glycoside hydrolase]]s was introduced by Heightman and Vasella <cite>HeightmanVasella1999</cite>. It was originally only described for [[Anomeric centre (alpha and beta)|beta]]-equatorial [[glycoside hydrolase]]s, but appears to be equally applicable to enzymes acting on an [[Anomeric centre (alpha and beta)|alpha]]-axial glycosidic bond <cite>Nerinckx2005</cite>. When dividing [[Sub-site nomenclature|subsite -1]] into half-spaces by a plane defined by the glycosidic oxygen and C1' and H1' of the –1 glycoside, many ligand-complexed structures reveal that the [[General_acid/base|proton donor]] is positioned either in the ''syn'' half-space (near the ring-oxygen of the –1 glycoside), or in the ''anti'' half-space (on the opposite side of the ring-oxygen). Members of the same GH [[Families|family]] appear to share a common ''syn'' or ''anti'' [[General_acid/base|protonator]] arrangement and further, this specificity appears to be preserved within [[Clans|Clans]] of [[Families|families]]. This page's compilation of [[Sub-site nomenclature|subsite -1]] occupied complexes shows that about 70% of all GH [[Families|families]] are ''anti'' [[General_acid/base|protonators]]. | ||
− | Closer inspection of [[Sub-site nomenclature|–1/+1 subsite]]-spanning, | + | Closer inspection of crystal structures of [[Sub-site nomenclature|–1/+1 subsite]]-spanning substrates, or substrate-analogue ligands, in complex with enzymes reveals a further intriguing corollary <cite>Nerinckx2005 Wu2012</cite>. In substrate-bound complexes with ''anti'' [[General_acid/base|protonating]] GH enzymes, the scissile [[Anomeric centre (alpha and beta)|anomeric bond]] (often studied using the thio-analogue) shows a dihedral angle φ (O5'-C1'-[O,S]x-Cx) that is in the lowest-energy synclinal (gauche) conformation. The rationale for this is that a minus synclinal dihedral angle φ for an equatorial glycosidic bond, or plus synclinal for an axial glycosidic bond <cite>Perez1978</cite>, allows for hyperconjugative overlap of the C1'-O5' antibonding orbital with an antiperiplanar-oriented lone pair orbital lobe of the glycosidic oxygen, thereby creating partial double bond character and stabilization of the glycosidic bond by 4–5 kcal/mol; this ground-state stabilizing phenomenon is known as the ‘exo-anomeric effect’ <cite>Cramer1997 Johnson2009 Alonso2016</cite>. ''Anti'' [[General_acid/base|protonation]] occurs on the glycosidic oxygen’s antiperiplanar lone pair, thereby removing the stabilizing exo-anomeric effect. This suggests that ''anti'' [[General_acid/base|protonation]] is an enzymic approach for lowering the activation barrier leading to the [[Transition state|transition state]] (Figure 1 centre). |
− | ''Syn'' [[General_acid/base|protonating]] | + | ''Syn'' [[General_acid/base|protonating]] [[glycoside hydrolase]]s apparently make use of a different approach <cite>Nerinckx2005 Wu2012</cite>. In many [[Sub-site nomenclature|–1/+1 subsite]]-spanning ligand complexes, the dihedral angle φ of the scissile anomeric bond has been rotated away from its lowest-energy synclinal position: clockwise to minus-anticlinal or antiperiplanar for beta-equatorial; counterclockwise to plus-anticlinal or antiperiplanar for alpha-axial [[Anomeric centre (alpha and beta)|anomeric bonds]]. This removes the hyperconjugative overlap and thus also the stabilizing exo-anomeric effect. And because of this rotation, a lone pair of the glycosidic oxygen is directed into the ''syn'' half-space, allowing it to be protonated by the ''syn''-positioned [[General_acid/base|proton donor]] (Figure 1 right). |
[[File:Syn_anti.jpg|800px|thumb|center|Figure 1. Newman projections, with the glycosidic oxygen as proximal atom and the anomeric carbon as distal atom, showing ''anti'' (centre) versus ''syn'' (right) semi-lateral [[General_acid/base|protonation]] in beta-equatorial (top) and alpha-axial (bottom) [[glycoside hydrolase]]s. The indicated φ is the dihedral angle for O5'-C1'-O4-C4.]] | [[File:Syn_anti.jpg|800px|thumb|center|Figure 1. Newman projections, with the glycosidic oxygen as proximal atom and the anomeric carbon as distal atom, showing ''anti'' (centre) versus ''syn'' (right) semi-lateral [[General_acid/base|protonation]] in beta-equatorial (top) and alpha-axial (bottom) [[glycoside hydrolase]]s. The indicated φ is the dihedral angle for O5'-C1'-O4-C4.]] | ||
Line 22: | Line 21: | ||
== Table of ''syn/anti'' protonation examples == | == Table of ''syn/anti'' protonation examples == | ||
− | + | This table contains only one example per GH [[Families|family]] of a ligand-complexed protein structure where the ''syn'' or ''anti'' positioning of the [[General_acid/base|proton donor]] can be clearly observed; other examples may be available on a [[Families|family-by-family]] basis. The reader is thus advised to consult the [http://www.cazy.org/fam/acc_GH.html#table CAZy database] for a current, comprehensive list of CAZyme structures. Where available, the selected examples are Michaelis-type complexes with the ligand spanning the [[Sub-site nomenclature|-1/+1 subsites]], since these have an intact glycosidic or thioglycosidic bond, or are ''N''-analogs of the substrate (''e.g.'' acarbose). In some examples, the [[General_acid/base|proton donor]] has been mutated (''e.g.'', to the corresponding amide or to an alanine), and in those cases one may wish to look at a superposition of the given PDB example with the structure of the native enzyme. If a Michaelis-type complex is not yet available, the second and third example choices, respectively, are trapped glycosyl-enzyme [[intermediate]]s and product complexes where [[Sub-site nomenclature|subsite -1]] is occupied. | |
− | |||
− | This table contains only one example per GH [[Families|family]] of a ligand-complexed protein structure where the ''syn'' | ||
''Please also be aware that this is a large table with many data. Please contact the page Author or Responsible Curator with corrections.'' | ''Please also be aware that this is a large table with many data. Please contact the page Author or Responsible Curator with corrections.'' | ||
=== Table === | === Table === | ||
− | This table can be re-sorted by clicking on the icons in the header (''javascript must be turned on in your browser''). To reset the page to be sorted by GH family, click the | + | This table can be re-sorted by clicking on the icons in the header (''javascript must be turned on in your browser''). To reset the page to be sorted by GH family, click the ''View'' tab at the very top of the page. |
{| {{Prettytable}} class="sortable" | {| {{Prettytable}} class="sortable" | ||
Line 50: | Line 47: | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2cer 2cer] | | [{{PDBlink}}2cer 2cer] | ||
| β-glycosidase S | | β-glycosidase S | ||
| ''Sulfolobus solfataricus'' P2 | | ''Sulfolobus solfataricus'' P2 | ||
− | | phenethyl | + | | phenethyl glucoimidazole |
− | | Glu206 | + | | '''Glu206''' |
| Glu387 | | Glu387 | ||
| <cite>Gloster2006</cite> | | <cite>Gloster2006</cite> | ||
Line 64: | Line 61: | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} / alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2vzu 2vzu] | | [{{PDBlink}}2vzu 2vzu] | ||
| exo-β-glucosaminidase | | exo-β-glucosaminidase | ||
| ''Amicolatopsis orientalis'' | | ''Amicolatopsis orientalis'' | ||
| PNP-β-{{Smallcaps|d}}-glucosamine | | PNP-β-{{Smallcaps|d}}-glucosamine | ||
− | | Glu469 | + | | '''Glu469''' |
| Glu541 | | Glu541 | ||
| <cite>van_Bueren2009</cite> | | <cite>van_Bueren2009</cite> | ||
Line 78: | Line 75: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} / alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1iex 1iex] | | [{{PDBlink}}1iex 1iex] | ||
| exo-1,3-1,4-glucanase | | exo-1,3-1,4-glucanase | ||
| ''Hordeum vulgare'' | | ''Hordeum vulgare'' | ||
| thiocellobiose | | thiocellobiose | ||
− | | Glu491 | + | | '''Glu491''' |
| Asp285 | | Asp285 | ||
| <cite>Hrmova2001</cite> | | <cite>Hrmova2001</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH4]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | Rossmann + α6/β3 + β3/α4 | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}1u8x 1u8x] | ||
+ | | 6-P-α-glucosidase | ||
+ | | ''Bacillus subtilis'' | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}}-glucose-6-phosphate | ||
+ | | '''Asp172''' | ||
+ | | not applicable | ||
+ | | <cite>Rajan2004</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH5]] | | [[GH5]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1h2j 1h2j] | | [{{PDBlink}}1h2j 1h2j] | ||
| endo-β-1,4-glucanase | | endo-β-1,4-glucanase | ||
| ''Bacillus agaradhaerens'' | | ''Bacillus agaradhaerens'' | ||
| 2',4'-DNP-2-F-cellobioside | | 2',4'-DNP-2-F-cellobioside | ||
− | | Glu129 | + | | '''Glu129''' |
| Glu228 | | Glu228 | ||
| <cite>Varrot2003</cite> | | <cite>Varrot2003</cite> | ||
Line 106: | Line 117: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1qjw 1qjw] | | [{{PDBlink}}1qjw 1qjw] | ||
| cellobiohydrolase 2 | | cellobiohydrolase 2 | ||
| ''Hypocrea jecorina'' | | ''Hypocrea jecorina'' | ||
| (Glc)<sub>2</sub>-S-(Glc)<sub>2</sub> | | (Glc)<sub>2</sub>-S-(Glc)<sub>2</sub> | ||
− | | Asp221 | + | | '''Asp221''' |
| debated | | debated | ||
| <cite>Zhou1999</cite> | | <cite>Zhou1999</cite> | ||
Line 120: | Line 131: | ||
| B | | B | ||
| β-jelly roll | | β-jelly roll | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1ovw 1ovw] | | [{{PDBlink}}1ovw 1ovw] | ||
| endo-1,4-glucanase | | endo-1,4-glucanase | ||
| ''Fusarium oxysporum'' | | ''Fusarium oxysporum'' | ||
| thio-(Glc)<sub>5</sub> | | thio-(Glc)<sub>5</sub> | ||
− | | Glu202 | + | | '''Glu202''' |
| Glu197 | | Glu197 | ||
| <cite>Sulzenbacher1999</cite> | | <cite>Sulzenbacher1999</cite> | ||
Line 134: | Line 145: | ||
| M | | M | ||
| (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1kwf 1kwf] | | [{{PDBlink}}1kwf 1kwf] | ||
| endo-1,4-glucanase | | endo-1,4-glucanase | ||
| ''Clostridium thermocellum'' | | ''Clostridium thermocellum'' | ||
| cellopentaose | | cellopentaose | ||
− | | Glu95 | + | | '''Glu95''' |
| Asp278 | | Asp278 | ||
| <cite>Guerin2002</cite> | | <cite>Guerin2002</cite> | ||
Line 148: | Line 159: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1rq5 1rq5] | | [{{PDBlink}}1rq5 1rq5] | ||
| cellobiohydrolase | | cellobiohydrolase | ||
| ''Clostridium thermocellum'' | | ''Clostridium thermocellum'' | ||
| cellotetraose | | cellotetraose | ||
− | | Glu795 | + | | '''Glu795''' |
| Asp383 | | Asp383 | ||
| <cite>Schubot2004</cite> | | <cite>Schubot2004</cite> | ||
Line 162: | Line 173: | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2d24 2d24] | | [{{PDBlink}}2d24 2d24] | ||
| β-1,4-xylanase | | β-1,4-xylanase | ||
| ''Streptomyces olivaceoviridis'' E-86 | | ''Streptomyces olivaceoviridis'' E-86 | ||
| xylopentaose | | xylopentaose | ||
− | | Glu128 | + | | '''Glu128''' |
| Glu236 | | Glu236 | ||
| <cite>Suzuki2009</cite> | | <cite>Suzuki2009</cite> | ||
Line 176: | Line 187: | ||
| C | | C | ||
| β-jelly roll | | β-jelly roll | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4hk8 4hk8] |
− | | xylanase | + | | endo-β-1,4-xylanase |
− | | '' | + | | ''Hypocrea jecorina'' |
− | | | + | | xylohexaose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu177''' |
− | | | + | | Glu86 |
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Wan2014</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH12]] | | [[GH12]] | ||
| C | | C | ||
| β-jelly roll | | β-jelly roll | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1w2u 1w2u] | | [{{PDBlink}}1w2u 1w2u] | ||
| endoglucanase | | endoglucanase | ||
| ''Humicola grisea'' | | ''Humicola grisea'' | ||
| thiocellotetraose | | thiocellotetraose | ||
− | | Glu205 | + | | '''Glu205''' |
| Glu120 | | Glu120 | ||
| <cite>Sandgren2004</cite> | | <cite>Sandgren2004</cite> | ||
Line 204: | Line 215: | ||
| H | | H | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1cxk 1cxk] | | [{{PDBlink}}1cxk 1cxk] | ||
| β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase | | β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase | ||
| ''Bacillus circulans'' | | ''Bacillus circulans'' | ||
| maltononaose | | maltononaose | ||
− | | Glu257 | + | | '''Glu257''' |
| Asp229 | | Asp229 | ||
| <cite>Uitdehaag1999</cite> | | <cite>Uitdehaag1999</cite> | ||
Line 218: | Line 229: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1itc 1itc] | | [{{PDBlink}}1itc 1itc] | ||
| β-amylase | | β-amylase | ||
| ''Bacillus cereus'' | | ''Bacillus cereus'' | ||
| maltopentaose | | maltopentaose | ||
− | | Glu172 | + | | '''Glu172''' |
| Glu367 | | Glu367 | ||
| <cite>Miyake2003</cite> | | <cite>Miyake2003</cite> | ||
Line 232: | Line 243: | ||
| L | | L | ||
| (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}1dog 1dog] |
| glucoamylase | | glucoamylase | ||
| ''Aspergillus awamori'' | | ''Aspergillus awamori'' | ||
− | | | + | | 1-deoxynojirimycin |
− | | Glu179 | + | | '''Glu179''' |
| Glu400 | | Glu400 | ||
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Harris1993</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH16]] | | [[GH16]] | ||
| B | | B | ||
| β-jelly roll | | β-jelly roll | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1urx 1urx] | | [{{PDBlink}}1urx 1urx] | ||
| β-agarase A | | β-agarase A | ||
| ''Zobellia galactanivorans'' | | ''Zobellia galactanivorans'' | ||
| oligoagarose | | oligoagarose | ||
− | | Glu152 | + | | '''Glu152''' |
| Glu147 | | Glu147 | ||
| <cite>Allouch2004</cite> | | <cite>Allouch2004</cite> | ||
Line 260: | Line 271: | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4gzj 4gzj] | |
− | | | + | | endo-β-1,3-glucanase |
− | | | + | | ''Solanum tuberosum'' |
− | | | + | | laminaratriose + laminarabiose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu118''' |
− | | | + | | Glu259 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Wojtkowiak2013</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH18]] | | [[GH18]] | ||
| K | | K | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1ffr 1ffr] | | [{{PDBlink}}1ffr 1ffr] | ||
| chitinase A | | chitinase A | ||
| ''Serratia marcescens'' | | ''Serratia marcescens'' | ||
| (NAG)<sub>6</sub> | | (NAG)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | Glu315 | + | | '''Glu315''' |
| internal | | internal | ||
| <cite>Papanikolau2001</cite> | | <cite>Papanikolau2001</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH19]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | lysozyme type | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''syn''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}3wh1 3wh1] | ||
+ | | chitinase | ||
+ | | ''Bryum coronatum'' | ||
+ | | (GlcNAc)<sub>4</sub> | ||
+ | | '''Glu61''' | ||
+ | | Glu70 | ||
+ | | <cite>Ohnuma2014</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH20]] | | [[GH20]] | ||
| K | | K | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1c7s 1c7s] | | [{{PDBlink}}1c7s 1c7s] | ||
| chitobiase | | chitobiase | ||
| ''Serratia marcescens'' | | ''Serratia marcescens'' | ||
| chitobiose | | chitobiose | ||
− | | Glu540 | + | | '''Glu540''' |
| internal | | internal | ||
| <cite>Prag2000</cite> | | <cite>Prag2000</cite> | ||
Line 302: | Line 327: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| lysozyme type | | lysozyme type | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1h6m 1h6m] | | [{{PDBlink}}1h6m 1h6m] | ||
| lysozyme C | | lysozyme C | ||
| ''Gallus gallus'' | | ''Gallus gallus'' | ||
| Chit-2-F-chitosyl | | Chit-2-F-chitosyl | ||
− | | Glu35 | + | | '''Glu35''' |
| Asp52 | | Asp52 | ||
| <cite>Vocadlo2001</cite> | | <cite>Vocadlo2001</cite> | ||
Line 316: | Line 341: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| lysozyme type | | lysozyme type | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1lsp 1lsp] | | [{{PDBlink}}1lsp 1lsp] | ||
| lysozyme G | | lysozyme G | ||
| ''Cygnus atratus'' | | ''Cygnus atratus'' | ||
| Bulgecin A | | Bulgecin A | ||
− | | Glu73 | + | | '''Glu73''' |
| internal | | internal | ||
| <cite>Karlsen1996</cite> | | <cite>Karlsen1996</cite> | ||
Line 330: | Line 355: | ||
| I | | I | ||
| α + β | | α + β | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}148l 148l] | | [{{PDBlink}}148l 148l] | ||
| lysozyme E | | lysozyme E | ||
| Bacteriophage T4 | | Bacteriophage T4 | ||
| chitobiosyl | | chitobiosyl | ||
− | | Glu11 | + | | '''Glu11''' |
| Glu26 | | Glu26 | ||
| <cite>Baldwin1993</cite> | | <cite>Baldwin1993</cite> | ||
Line 344: | Line 369: | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}2vx6 2vx6] |
− | | mannanase | + | | exo-β-mannanase |
− | | ''Cellvibrio japonicus'' | + | | ''Cellvibrio japonicus'' Ueda107 |
− | | | + | | Gal1Man4 |
− | + | | '''Glu221''' | |
− | | | + | | Glu338 |
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Cartmell2008</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH27]] | | [[GH27]] | ||
| D | | D | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} / beta-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}3lrm 3lrm] |
− | | α-'' | + | | α-galactosidase |
− | | '' | + | | ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' |
− | | | + | | raffinose |
− | + | | '''Asp209''' | |
− | + | | Asp141 | |
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Fernandez-Leiro2010</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH28]] | | [[GH28]] | ||
| N | | N | ||
| β-helix | | β-helix | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} (and α-{{Smallcaps|l}}-rham) |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2uvf 2uvf] | | [{{PDBlink}}2uvf 2uvf] | ||
| exo-polygalacturonosidase | | exo-polygalacturonosidase | ||
| ''Yersinia enterocolitica'' ATCC9610D | | ''Yersinia enterocolitica'' ATCC9610D | ||
| digalacturonic acid | | digalacturonic acid | ||
− | | Asp402 | + | | '''Asp402''' |
| Asp381 Asp403 | | Asp381 Asp403 | ||
| <cite>Abbott2007</cite> | | <cite>Abbott2007</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH29]] | | [[GH29]] | ||
− | | | + | | R |
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}3uet 3uet] |
− | | α- | + | | α-1,3/4-fucosidase |
− | | '' | + | | ''Bifidobacterium longum'' subsp. infantis |
− | | | + | | lacto-''N''-fucopentaose II |
− | | | + | | '''Glu217''' |
− | | | + | | Asp172 |
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Sakurama2012</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH30]] | | [[GH30]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}2y24 2y24] |
− | | | + | | glucurono-xylanase |
− | | '' | + | | ''Dickea chrysanthemi'' D1 |
− | | '' | + | | glucuronoxylan tetrasaccharide |
− | + | | '''Glu163''' | |
− | | | + | | Glu253 |
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Urbanikova2011</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH31]] | | [[GH31]] | ||
| D | | D | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2qmj 2qmj] | | [{{PDBlink}}2qmj 2qmj] | ||
| maltase-glucoamylase | | maltase-glucoamylase | ||
| ''Homo sapiens'' | | ''Homo sapiens'' | ||
| acarbose | | acarbose | ||
− | | Asp542 | + | | '''Asp542''' |
| Asp443 | | Asp443 | ||
| <cite>Sim2008</cite> | | <cite>Sim2008</cite> | ||
Line 428: | Line 453: | ||
| J | | J | ||
| 5-fold β-propeller | | 5-fold β-propeller | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2add 2add] | | [{{PDBlink}}2add 2add] | ||
| fructan β-(2,1)-fructosidase | | fructan β-(2,1)-fructosidase | ||
| ''Cichorium intybus'' | | ''Cichorium intybus'' | ||
| sucrose | | sucrose | ||
− | | Glu201 | + | | '''Glu201''' |
| Asp22 | | Asp22 | ||
| <cite>Verhaest2007</cite> | | <cite>Verhaest2007</cite> | ||
Line 442: | Line 467: | ||
| E | | E | ||
| 6-fold β-propeller | | 6-fold β-propeller | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1s0i 1s0i] | | [{{PDBlink}}1s0i 1s0i] | ||
− | | | + | | transsialidase |
| ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' | | ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' | ||
− | | | + | | sialyllactose |
− | | Asp59 | + | | '''Asp59''' |
| Tyr342 | | Tyr342 | ||
| <cite>Amaya2004</cite> | | <cite>Amaya2004</cite> | ||
Line 456: | Line 481: | ||
| E | | E | ||
| 6-fold β-propeller | | 6-fold β-propeller | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4gzw 4gzw] |
− | | neuraminidase | + | | N2 neuraminidase |
− | | ''Influenza'' A | + | | ''Influenza'' A Tanzania/205/2010 H3N2 |
− | | | + | | α-{{Smallcaps|d}}-Neup5Ac-(2,3)-β-{{Smallcaps|d}}-Galp-(1,4)-β-{{Smallcaps|d}}-GlcpNAc |
− | | Asp151 | + | | '''Asp151''' |
| Tyr406 | | Tyr406 | ||
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Zhu2012</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH35]] | | [[GH35]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}3ogv 3ogv] | ||
+ | | β-galactosidase | ||
+ | | ''Hypocrea jecorina'' | ||
+ | | 2-phenylethyl 1-thio-β-{{Smallcaps|d}}-galactopyranoside | ||
+ | | '''Glu200''' | ||
+ | | Glu298 | ||
+ | | <cite>Maksimainen2011</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH36]] | ||
+ | | D | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4fnu 4fnu] |
| β-galactosidase | | β-galactosidase | ||
− | | '' | + | | ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'' |
− | | | + | | stachyose |
− | | | + | | '''Asp584''' |
− | | | + | | Asp478 |
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Merceron2012</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH37]] | | [[GH37]] | ||
| G | | G | ||
| (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2jf4 2jf4] | | [{{PDBlink}}2jf4 2jf4] | ||
| trehalase | | trehalase | ||
− | | '' | + | | ''Escherichia coli'' |
| validoxylamine | | validoxylamine | ||
− | | Asp312 | + | | '''Asp312''' |
| Glu496 | | Glu496 | ||
| <cite>Gibson2007</cite> | | <cite>Gibson2007</cite> | ||
Line 498: | Line 537: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>7</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>7</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}3czn 3czn] |
− | | α-mannosidase II | + | | Golgi α-mannosidase II |
| ''Drosophila melanogaster'' | | ''Drosophila melanogaster'' | ||
− | | 5 | + | | GlcNAcMan(5)GlcNAc(2) |
− | | Asp341 | + | | '''Asp341''' |
| Asp204 | | Asp204 | ||
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Shah2008</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH39]] | | [[GH39]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} / alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}2bfg 2bfg] |
| β-xylosidase | | β-xylosidase | ||
− | | '' | + | | ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'' |
− | | 2- | + | | 2,5-dinitrophenyl-β-{{Smallcaps|d}}-xyloside |
− | | Glu160 | + | | '''Glu160''' |
− | | | + | | Glu278 |
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Czjzek2005</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH42]] | | [[GH42]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} / alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4ucf 4ucf] |
| β-galactosidase | | β-galactosidase | ||
− | | '' | + | | ''Bifidobacterium bifidum'' |
| {{Smallcaps|d}}-galactose | | {{Smallcaps|d}}-galactose | ||
− | | | + | | '''Glu161''' |
− | | | + | | Glu320 |
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Godoy2016</cite> |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH43]] | ||
+ | | F | ||
+ | | 5-fold β-propeller | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} / alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}3akh 3akh] | ||
+ | | exo-1,5-α-{{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranosidase | ||
+ | | ''Streptomyces avermitilis'' | ||
+ | | α-1,5-arabinofuranotriose | ||
+ | | '''Glu196''' | ||
+ | | Asp220 | ||
+ | | <cite>Fujimoto2010</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH44]] | | [[GH44]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2eqd 2eqd] | | [{{PDBlink}}2eqd 2eqd] | ||
| endoglucanase | | endoglucanase | ||
| ''Clostridium thermocellum'' | | ''Clostridium thermocellum'' | ||
| cellooctaose | | cellooctaose | ||
− | | Glu186 | + | | '''Glu186''' |
| Glu359 | | Glu359 | ||
| <cite>Kitago2007</cite> | | <cite>Kitago2007</cite> | ||
Line 553: | Line 606: | ||
| [[GH45]] | | [[GH45]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
− | | 6- | + | | 6-stranded β-barrel |
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}4eng 4eng] | | [{{PDBlink}}4eng 4eng] | ||
| endo-1,4-glucanase | | endo-1,4-glucanase | ||
| ''Humicola insolens'' | | ''Humicola insolens'' | ||
| cellohexaose | | cellohexaose | ||
− | | Asp121 | + | | '''Asp121''' |
| Asp10 | | Asp10 | ||
| <cite>Davies1996</cite> | | <cite>Davies1996</cite> | ||
Line 567: | Line 620: | ||
| [[GH46]] | | [[GH46]] | ||
| I | | I | ||
− | | | + | | lysozyme type |
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4olt 4olt] | |
− | | | + | | chitosanase |
− | | | + | | ''Microbacterium sp.'' OU01 |
− | | | + | | hexa-glucosamine |
− | | | + | | '''Glu25''' |
− | | | + | | Asp43 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Lyu2014</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH47]] | | [[GH47]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (α/α)<sub>7</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>7</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1x9d 1x9d] | | [{{PDBlink}}1x9d 1x9d] | ||
| α-mannosidase I | | α-mannosidase I | ||
| ''Homo sapiens'' | | ''Homo sapiens'' | ||
| Me-2-S-(α-Man)-2-thio-α-Man | | Me-2-S-(α-Man)-2-thio-α-Man | ||
− | | Asp463 | + | | '''Asp463''' |
| Glu599 | | Glu599 | ||
| <cite>Karaveg2005</cite>, <cite>Nerinckx2008</cite> | | <cite>Karaveg2005</cite>, <cite>Nerinckx2008</cite> | ||
Line 596: | Line 649: | ||
| M | | M | ||
| (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
| ''predicted anti by clan'' | | ''predicted anti by clan'' | ||
Line 610: | Line 663: | ||
| N | | N | ||
| β-helix | | β-helix | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
| ''predicted anti by clan'' | | ''predicted anti by clan'' | ||
Line 624: | Line 677: | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4bq5 4bq5] | |
− | | | + | | exo-β-agarase |
− | | | + | | ''Saccharophagus degradans'' |
− | | | + | | neoagarotetraose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu535''' |
− | | | + | | Glu695 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Pluvinage2013</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH51]] | | [[GH51]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} / alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1qw9 1qw9] | | [{{PDBlink}}1qw9 1qw9] | ||
− | | α-{{Smallcaps|l}}- | + | | α-{{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranosidase |
| ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'' | | ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'' | ||
− | | PNP-{{Smallcaps|l}}- | + | | PNP-{{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranoside |
− | | Glu175 | + | | '''Glu175''' |
| Glu294 | | Glu294 | ||
| <cite>Hoevel2003</cite> | | <cite>Hoevel2003</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH52]] | ||
+ | | O | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}4c1p 4c1p] | ||
+ | | β-xylosidase | ||
+ | | ''Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius'' | ||
+ | | xylobiose | ||
+ | | '''Asp517''' | ||
+ | | Glu537 | ||
+ | | <cite>Espina2014</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH53]] | | [[GH53]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}2ccr 2ccr] | |
− | | | + | | β-1,4-galactanase |
− | | | + | | ''Bacillus licheniformis'' |
− | | | + | | galactotriose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu165''' |
− | | | + | | Glu263 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Le_Nours2009</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH54]] | | [[GH54]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
| β-sandwich | | β-sandwich | ||
− | | alpha | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} / alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1wd4 1wd4] | | [{{PDBlink}}1wd4 1wd4] | ||
− | | α-{{Smallcaps|l}}- | + | | α-{{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranosidase B |
| ''Aspergillus kawachii'' | | ''Aspergillus kawachii'' | ||
| {{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranose | | {{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranose | ||
− | | Asp297 | + | | '''Asp297''' |
| Glu221 | | Glu221 | ||
| <cite>Miyanaga2004</cite> | | <cite>Miyanaga2004</cite> | ||
Line 680: | Line 747: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| β-helix | | β-helix | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4tz5 4tz5] |
− | | β-1,3-glucanase | + | | exo-β-1,3-glucanase |
− | | '' | + | | ''Streptomyces sp.'' SirexAA-E |
− | | | + | | laminarihexaose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu502''' |
| unknown | | unknown | ||
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Bianchetti2015</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH56]] | | [[GH56]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>7</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>7</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1fcv 1fcv] | | [{{PDBlink}}1fcv 1fcv] | ||
| hyaluronidase | | hyaluronidase | ||
| ''Apis mellifera'' | | ''Apis mellifera'' | ||
| (hyaluron.)<sub>4</sub> | | (hyaluron.)<sub>4</sub> | ||
− | | Glu113 | + | | '''Glu113''' |
| internal | | internal | ||
| <cite>Markovic-Housley2000</cite> | | <cite>Markovic-Housley2000</cite> | ||
Line 708: | Line 775: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>7</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>7</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}1k1y 1k1y] |
| glucanotransferase | | glucanotransferase | ||
| ''Thermococcus litoralis'' | | ''Thermococcus litoralis'' | ||
| acarbose | | acarbose | ||
− | | Asp214 | + | | '''Asp214''' |
| Glu123 | | Glu123 | ||
| <cite>Imamura2003</cite> | | <cite>Imamura2003</cite> | ||
Line 722: | Line 789: | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | '' | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4ccc 4ccc] |
− | | | + | | β-galactocerebrosidase |
− | | | + | | ''Mus musculus'' |
− | | | + | | PNP-β-{{Smallcaps|d}}-galactoside |
− | | | + | | '''Glu182''' |
− | | | + | | Glu258 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Hill2013</cite> |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH62]] | ||
+ | | F | ||
+ | | 5-fold β-propeller | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}3wn0 3wn0] | ||
+ | | α-{{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranosidase | ||
+ | | ''Streptomyces coelicolor'' | ||
+ | | β-{{Smallcaps|l}}-Arabinofuranose | ||
+ | | '''Glu361''' | ||
+ | | Asp202 | ||
+ | | <cite>Maehara2014</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH63]] | | [[GH63]] | ||
| G | | G | ||
| (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}5ca3 5ca3] | |
− | | | + | | α-glucosidase |
− | | | + | | ''Escherichia coli'' |
− | | | + | | glucose and lactose |
− | | | + | | '''Asp501''' |
− | | | + | | Glu727 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Miyazaki2016</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH65]] | | [[GH65]] | ||
| L | | L | ||
| (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} (and α-{{Smallcaps|l}}-rham) |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | '' | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4ktr 4ktr] |
− | | | + | | 2-O-α-glucosylglycerol phosphorylase |
− | | | + | | ''Bacillus selenitireducens'' |
− | | | + | | isofagomine |
− | | | + | | '''Glu475''' |
− | | | + | | phosphate |
− | | | + | | <cite>Touhara2014</cite> |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH66]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5axh 5axh] | ||
+ | | dextranase | ||
+ | | ''Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus'' | ||
+ | | isomaltohexaose | ||
+ | | '''Glu374''' | ||
+ | | Asp312 | ||
+ | | <cite>Suzuki2016</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH67]] | | [[GH67]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}1l8n 1l8n] |
| α-glucuronidase | | α-glucuronidase | ||
− | | '' | + | | ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'' |
− | | {{Smallcaps|d}}-glucuronic acid | + | | 4-O-methyl-{{Smallcaps|d}}-glucuronic acid and xylotriose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu286''' |
− | | | + | | Asp364 Glu392 |
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Golan2004</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH68]] | | [[GH68]] | ||
| J | | J | ||
| 5-fold β-propeller | | 5-fold β-propeller | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}1pt2 1pt2] | | [{{PDBlink}}1pt2 1pt2] | ||
| levansucrase | | levansucrase | ||
| ''Bacillus subtilis'' | | ''Bacillus subtilis'' | ||
| sucrose | | sucrose | ||
− | | Glu342 | + | | '''Glu342''' |
| Asp86 | | Asp86 | ||
| <cite>Meng2003</cite> | | <cite>Meng2003</cite> | ||
Line 792: | Line 887: | ||
| H | | H | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}3aic 3aic] | |
− | | | + | | glucansucrase |
− | | | + | | ''Streptococcus mutans'' |
− | | | + | | α-acarbose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu515''' |
− | | | + | | Asp477 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Ito2011</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH72]] | | [[GH72]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2w62 2w62] | | [{{PDBlink}}2w62 2w62] | ||
− | | β-1,3- | + | | β-1,3-glucanotransferase |
| ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' S288C | | ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' S288C | ||
| laminaripentaose | | laminaripentaose | ||
− | | Glu176 | + | | '''Glu176''' |
| Glu275 | | Glu275 | ||
| <cite>Hurtado-Gerrero2009</cite> | | <cite>Hurtado-Gerrero2009</cite> | ||
Line 820: | Line 915: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| 7-fold β-propeller | | 7-fold β-propeller | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2ebs 2ebs] | | [{{PDBlink}}2ebs 2ebs] | ||
| cellobiohydrolase (OXG-RCBH) | | cellobiohydrolase (OXG-RCBH) | ||
| ''Geotrichum sp.'' m128 | | ''Geotrichum sp.'' m128 | ||
| xyloglucan heptasaccharide | | xyloglucan heptasaccharide | ||
− | | Asp465 | + | | '''Asp465''' |
| Asp35 | | Asp35 | ||
| <cite>Yaoi2007</cite> | | <cite>Yaoi2007</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH76]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5agd 5agd] | ||
+ | | endo-α-1,6-mannanase | ||
+ | | ''Bacillus circulans'' | ||
+ | | α-1,6-mannopentaose | ||
+ | | '''Asp125''' | ||
+ | | Asp124 | ||
+ | | <cite>Thompson2015</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH77]] | | [[GH77]] | ||
| H | | H | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}2oww 2oww] |
− | | | + | | 4-α-glucanotransferase |
− | | ''Thermus | + | | ''Thermus thermofilus'' |
− | | acarbose | + | | acarbose + 4-deoxy-α-{{Smallcaps|d}}-glucose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu340''' |
| Asp293 | | Asp293 | ||
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Barends2007</cite> |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH78]] | ||
+ | | H | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}3w5n 3w5n] | ||
+ | | α-{{Smallcaps|l}}-rhamnosidase | ||
+ | | ''Streptomyces avermitilis'' | ||
+ | | {{Smallcaps|l}}-rhamnose | ||
+ | | '''Glu636''' | ||
+ | | Glu895 | ||
+ | | <cite>Fujimoto2013</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH79]] | | [[GH79]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}5e9c 5e9c] | |
− | | | + | | heparanase |
− | | | + | | ''Homo sapiens'' |
− | | | + | | heparin tetrasaccharide |
− | | | + | | '''Glu225''' |
− | | | + | | Glu343 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Wu2015</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH80]] | | [[GH80]] | ||
| I | | I | ||
| α + β | | α + β | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
| ''predicted syn by clan'' | | ''predicted syn by clan'' | ||
Line 871: | Line 994: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
− | | | + | | |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH81]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | β-sandwich | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''syn''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5t4g 5t4g] | ||
+ | | endo-β-1,3-glucanase | ||
+ | | ''Bacillus halodurans'' C-125 | ||
+ | | laminarin | ||
+ | | '''Asp466''' | ||
+ | | Glu542 | ||
+ | | <cite>Pluvinage2017</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH83]] | | [[GH83]] | ||
| E | | E | ||
| 6-fold β-propeller | | 6-fold β-propeller | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}1z4x 1z4x] | |
− | | | + | | hemagglutinin-neuraminidase |
− | | | + | | Simian virus 5 |
− | | | + | | α-2,3-sialyllactose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu247''' relay |
− | | | + | | Tyr523 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Yuan2005</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH84]] | | [[GH84]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2chn 2chn] | | [{{PDBlink}}2chn 2chn] | ||
− | | β-''N''-acetyl- glucosaminidase | + | | β-''N''-acetyl-glucosaminidase |
− | | ''Bacteroides | + | | ''Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron'' VPI-5482 |
| NAG-thiazoline | | NAG-thiazoline | ||
− | | Glu242 | + | | '''Glu242''' |
| internal | | internal | ||
| <cite>Dennis2006</cite> | | <cite>Dennis2006</cite> | ||
Line 904: | Line 1,041: | ||
| K | | K | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2w92 2w92] | | [{{PDBlink}}2w92 2w92] | ||
− | | endo-β-''N''-acetyl- glucosaminidase D | + | | endo-β-''N''-acetyl-glucosaminidase D |
| ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' TIGR4 | | ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' TIGR4 | ||
| NAG-thiazoline | | NAG-thiazoline | ||
− | | Glu337 | + | | '''Glu337''' |
| internal | | internal | ||
| <cite>Abbott2009</cite> | | <cite>Abbott2009</cite> | ||
Line 918: | Line 1,055: | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4aw7 4aw7] | |
− | | | + | | β-porphyranase |
− | | | + | | ''Bacteroides plebeius'' |
− | | | + | | porphyran fragment |
− | | | + | | '''Glu152''' |
− | | | + | | Glu279 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Hehemann_1_2012</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH89]] | | [[GH89]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2vcb 2vcb] | | [{{PDBlink}}2vcb 2vcb] | ||
− | | α-''N''-acetyl- glucosaminidase | + | | α-''N''-acetyl-glucosaminidase |
| ''Clostridium perfringens'' | | ''Clostridium perfringens'' | ||
| PUGNAc | | PUGNAc | ||
− | | Glu483 | + | | '''Glu483''' |
| Glu601 | | Glu601 | ||
| <cite>Ficko-Blean2008</cite> | | <cite>Ficko-Blean2008</cite> | ||
Line 945: | Line 1,082: | ||
| [[GH92]] | | [[GH92]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
− | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | + | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> and β-sandwich |
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2ww1 2ww1] | | [{{PDBlink}}2ww1 2ww1] | ||
| α-1,2-mannosidase | | α-1,2-mannosidase | ||
− | | ''Bacteroides | + | | ''Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron'' VPI-5482 |
| thiomannobioside | | thiomannobioside | ||
− | | Glu533 | + | | '''Glu533''' |
| Asp644 Asp642 | | Asp644 Asp642 | ||
| <cite>Zhu2009</cite> | | <cite>Zhu2009</cite> | ||
Line 960: | Line 1,097: | ||
| E | | E | ||
| 6-fold β-propeller | | 6-fold β-propeller | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | '' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
− | + | | [{{PDBlink}}3a72 3a72] | |
− | | | + | | exo-arabinanase |
− | | | + | | ''Penicillium chrysogenum'' |
− | | | + | | arabinobiose |
− | | | + | | '''Glu246''' |
− | | | + | | Glu174 |
− | | | + | | <cite>Sogabe2011</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH94]] | | [[GH94]] | ||
− | | | + | | Q |
| (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
− | | [{{PDBlink}} | + | | [{{PDBlink}}4zli 4zli] |
− | | | + | | cellobionic acid phosphorylase |
− | | '' | + | | ''Saccharophagus degradans'' |
− | | | + | | 3-O-β-{{Smallcaps|d}}-glucopyranosyl-α-{{Smallcaps|d}}-glucopyranuronic acid |
− | | | + | | '''Asp472''' |
| phosphate | | phosphate | ||
− | | <cite> | + | | <cite>Nam2015</cite> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH95]] | | [[GH95]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} |
| inverting | | inverting | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2ead 2ead] | | [{{PDBlink}}2ead 2ead] | ||
| α-1,2-{{Smallcaps|l}}-fucosidase | | α-1,2-{{Smallcaps|l}}-fucosidase | ||
| ''Bifidobacterium bifidum'' | | ''Bifidobacterium bifidum'' | ||
| Fuc-α-1,2-Gal | | Fuc-α-1,2-Gal | ||
− | | Glu566 | + | | '''Glu566''' |
| Asn423 Asp766 | | Asn423 Asp766 | ||
| <cite>Nagae2007</cite> | | <cite>Nagae2007</cite> | ||
Line 1,002: | Line 1,139: | ||
| none | | none | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | alpha | + | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining + inverting | | retaining + inverting | ||
− | | ''anti'' | + | | '''''anti''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2zq0 2zq0] | | [{{PDBlink}}2zq0 2zq0] | ||
| α-glucosidase | | α-glucosidase | ||
− | | ''Bacteroides | + | | ''Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron'' VPI-5482 |
| acarbose | | acarbose | ||
− | | Glu532 | + | | '''Glu532''' |
| Glu508 | | Glu508 | ||
| <cite>Kitamura2008</cite> | | <cite>Kitamura2008</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH98]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> and β-sandwich | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}2wmg 2wmg] | ||
+ | | endo-β-1,4-galactosidase | ||
+ | | ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' | ||
+ | | A-Lewis<sup>Y</sup> pentasaccharide | ||
+ | | '''Glu158''' | ||
+ | | Asp251 Glu301 | ||
+ | | <cite>Higgins2009</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH99]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}4ad4 4ad4] | ||
+ | | endo-α-mannosidase | ||
+ | | ''Bacteroides xylanisolvens'' | ||
+ | | glucose-1,3-isofagomine and α-1,2- mannobiose | ||
+ | | '''Glu336''' | ||
+ | | debated | ||
+ | | <cite>Thompson2012</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH100]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> core | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5gop 5gop] | ||
+ | | invertase | ||
+ | | ''Anabaena (Nostoc) sp.'' pcc7120 | ||
+ | | sucrose | ||
+ | | '''Asp188''' | ||
+ | | Glu414 | ||
+ | | <cite>Xie2016</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH102]] | | [[GH102]] | ||
| none | | none | ||
| double-ψ β-barrel | | double-ψ β-barrel | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
| retaining | | retaining | ||
− | | ''syn'' | + | | '''''syn''''' |
| [{{PDBlink}}2pi8 2pi8] | | [{{PDBlink}}2pi8 2pi8] | ||
| lytic transglycosylase A | | lytic transglycosylase A | ||
− | | '' | + | | ''Escherichia coli'' |
| chitohexaose | | chitohexaose | ||
− | | Asp308 | + | | '''Asp308''' |
| none | | none | ||
| <cite>van_Straaten2007</cite> | | <cite>van_Straaten2007</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH103]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | lysozyme type | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''syn''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}1d0k 1d0k] | ||
+ | | lytic transglycosylase SLT35 | ||
+ | | ''Escherichia coli'' | ||
+ | | murodipeptides | ||
+ | | '''Glu162''' | ||
+ | | internal | ||
+ | | <cite>van_Asselt2000</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH106]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5mwk 5mwk] | ||
+ | | α-{{Smallcaps|l}}-rhamnosidase BT_0986 | ||
+ | | ''Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron'' | ||
+ | | pectin heptasaccharide | ||
+ | | '''Glu461''' | ||
+ | | Glu593 or Glu561 | ||
+ | | <cite>Ndeh2017</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH107]] | ||
+ | | R | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | ''predicted syn by clan'' | ||
+ | | ''see at GH29'' | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH110]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | parallel β-helix | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}7jwf 7jwf] | ||
+ | | α-1,3-galactosidase | ||
+ | | ''Pseudoalteromonas distincta'' | ||
+ | | Gal-α1,3-Gal | ||
+ | | '''Asp344''' | ||
+ | | Asp321 Asp345 | ||
+ | | <cite>McGuire2020</cite> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[GH113]] | | [[GH113]] | ||
| A | | A | ||
| (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
− | | beta | + | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} |
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}4cd8 4cd8] | ||
+ | | β-mannanase | ||
+ | | ''Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius'' | ||
+ | | mannobioimidazole | ||
+ | | '''Glu151''' | ||
+ | | Glu231 | ||
+ | | <cite>Williams2014</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH116]] | ||
+ | | O | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> and β-sandwich | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | ''predicted anti by clan'' | ||
+ | | ''see at GH52'' | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH117]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | 5-fold β-propeller | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|l}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}4ak7 4ak7] | ||
+ | | α-1,3-3,6-anhydro-{{Smallcaps|l}}-galactosidase | ||
+ | | ''Bacteroides plebeius'' | ||
+ | | neoagarobiose | ||
+ | | '''His302''' (relay from Asp320) | ||
+ | | Asp90 | ||
+ | | <cite>Hehemann_2_2012</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH120]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | parallel β-helix and β-sandwich | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}3vsv 3vsv] | ||
+ | | β-xylosidase XylC | ||
+ | | ''Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum'' JW/SL-YS485 | ||
+ | | {{Smallcaps|d}}-xylose | ||
+ | | '''Glu405''' | ||
+ | | Asp382 | ||
+ | | <cite>Huang2012</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH123]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> and β-sandwich | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5fr0 5fr0] | ||
+ | | exo-β-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase | ||
+ | | ''Clostridium perfringens'' | ||
+ | | ''N''-difluoroacetyl-{{Smallcaps|d}}-galactosamine | ||
+ | | '''Glu345''' | ||
+ | | internal | ||
+ | | <cite>Noach2016</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH125]] | ||
+ | | L | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5m7y 5m7y] | ||
+ | | exo-α-1,6-mannosidase | ||
+ | | ''Clostridium perfringens'' | ||
+ | | 1,6-α-mannotriose | ||
+ | | '''Asp220''' | ||
+ | | Glu393 | ||
+ | | <cite>Alonso-Gil2016</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH127]] | ||
+ | | P | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> and β-sandwich | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|l}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}3wrg 3wrg] | ||
+ | | β-{{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranosidase | ||
+ | | ''Bifidobacterium longum'' | ||
+ | | {{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinose | ||
+ | | '''Glu322''' | ||
+ | | Cys417 | ||
+ | | <cite>Huang2014</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH128]] | ||
+ | | A | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}6ufl 6ufl] | ||
+ | | β-1,3-glucanase | ||
+ | | ''Amycolatopsis mediterranei'' | ||
+ | | laminarihexaose | ||
+ | | '''Glu102''' | ||
+ | | Glu199 | ||
+ | | <cite>Santos2020</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH130]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | 5-fold β-propeller | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5b0s 5b0s] | ||
+ | | β-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase | ||
+ | | ''Listeria innocua'' | ||
+ | | β-1,2-mannotriose | ||
+ | | '''Asp141''' relay | ||
+ | | phosphate | ||
+ | | <cite>Tsuda2015</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH134]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | β + α | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''syn''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5jug 5jug] | ||
+ | | β-mannanase | ||
+ | | ''Streptomyces sp.'' | ||
+ | | mannopentaose | ||
+ | | '''Glu45''' | ||
+ | | Asp57 | ||
+ | | <cite>Jin2016</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH136]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | β-helix | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''syn''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5gqf 5gqf] | ||
+ | | lacto-N-biosidase | ||
+ | | ''Bifidobacterium longum'' | ||
+ | | lacto-N-biose | ||
+ | | '''Asp411''' | ||
+ | | Asp418 | ||
+ | | <cite>Yamada2017</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH137]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | 5-fold β-propeller | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|l}} | ||
+ | | unknown | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5mui 5mui] | ||
+ | | β-{{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranosidase BT_0996 | ||
+ | | ''Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron'' | ||
+ | | pectin oligosaccharide | ||
+ | | '''Glu240''' | ||
+ | | Glu159 | ||
+ | | <cite>Ndeh2017</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH138]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''syn''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}6hzg 6hzg] | ||
+ | | α-1,2-{{Smallcaps|d}}-galacturonidase | ||
+ | | ''Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus'' | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}}-galactopyranuronic | ||
+ | | '''Glu294''' | ||
+ | | Glu361 | ||
+ | | <cite>Labourel2019</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH146]] | ||
+ | | P | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> and β-sandwich | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|l}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}5opj 5opj] | ||
+ | | β-{{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinofuranosidase BT_0349 | ||
+ | | ''Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron'' | ||
+ | | {{Smallcaps|l}}-arabinose | ||
+ | | '''Glu320''' | ||
+ | | Cys416 | ||
+ | | <cite>Luis2018</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH147]] | ||
+ | | A | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | ''predicted anti by clan'' | ||
+ | | ''see at e.g. GH1'' | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH148]] | ||
+ | | A | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | ''predicted anti by clan'' | ||
+ | | ''see at e.g. GH1'' | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH149]] | ||
+ | | Q | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | ''predicted syn by clan'' | ||
+ | | ''see at GH94'' | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH156]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''syn''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}6s0e 6s0e] | ||
+ | | exo-α-sialidase | ||
+ | | uncultured bacterium pG7 | ||
+ | | N-acetyl-2,3-dehydro-2-deoxyneuraminic acid | ||
+ | | '''His134''' (relay from Asp132) | ||
+ | | Asp14 | ||
+ | | <cite>Bule2019</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH157]] | ||
+ | | A | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | ''predicted anti by clan'' | ||
+ | | ''see at e.g. GH1'' | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH158]] | ||
+ | | A | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
| retaining | | retaining | ||
| ''predicted anti by clan'' | | ''predicted anti by clan'' | ||
− | | ''see e.g. | + | | ''see at e.g. GH1'' |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,040: | Line 1,541: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH161]] | ||
+ | | Q | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | ''predicted syn by clan'' | ||
+ | | ''see at GH94'' | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH162]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | (α/α)<sub>6</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''syn''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}6imw 6imw] | ||
+ | | endo-β-1,2-glucanase | ||
+ | | ''Talaromyces funiculosus'' | ||
+ | | beta-1,2-glucan | ||
+ | | '''Glu262''' via C3-OH of glc at subs. +2 | ||
+ | | Asp446 | ||
+ | | <cite>Tanaka2019</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH164]] | ||
+ | | A | ||
+ | | (β/α)<sub>8</sub> | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}6t75 6t75] | ||
+ | | β-mannosidase | ||
+ | | ''Bacteroides salyersiae'' | ||
+ | | 2-deoxy-2-F-mannosyl | ||
+ | | '''Glu160''' | ||
+ | | Glu297 | ||
+ | | <cite>Armstrong2020</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH172]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | β-jelly roll | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}7v1w 7v1w] | ||
+ | | difructose-anhydride synthase | ||
+ | | ''Bifidobacterium dentum'' | ||
+ | | beta-{{Smallcaps|d}}-arabinofuranose | ||
+ | | '''Glu270''' | ||
+ | | Glu291 | ||
+ | | <cite>Kashima2021</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH181]] | ||
+ | | E | ||
+ | | 6-fold β-propeller | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}8axi 8axi] | ||
+ | | exo-α-sialidase | ||
+ | | ''Akkermansia muciniphila'' | ||
+ | | 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-''N''-acetyl-neuraminic acid + T-antigen disaccharide | ||
+ | | '''Asp345''' | ||
+ | | Glu218 | ||
+ | | <cite>Shuoker2023</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[GH183]] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | 5-bladed β-propeller | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | retaining | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}8ic1 8ic1] | ||
+ | | endo-α-1,5-{{Smallcaps|d}}-arabinofuranosidase | ||
+ | | ''Microbacterium arabinogalactanolyticum'' JCM 9171 | ||
+ | | α-{{Smallcaps|d}}-Araf-(1,5)-α-{{Smallcaps|d}}-Araf-(1,5)-α-{{Smallcaps|d}}-Araf-(1,5)-α-{{Smallcaps|d}}-Araf | ||
+ | | '''Asp51''' | ||
+ | | Asp33 | ||
+ | | <cite>Shimokawa2023</cite> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [http://www.cazy.org/GH0.html n.c.*] | ||
+ | | none | ||
+ | | parallel β-helix | ||
+ | | alpha-{{Smallcaps|d}} | ||
+ | | inverting | ||
+ | | '''''anti''''' | ||
+ | | [{{PDBlink}}2vjj 2vjj] | ||
+ | | endo-α-N-acetylglucosaminidase | ||
+ | | Bacteriophage HK620 | ||
+ | | O18A1 O-antigen hexasaccharide | ||
+ | | '''Asp339''' | ||
+ | | Glu372 | ||
+ | | <cite>Barbirz2008</cite> | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | <nowiki>*</nowiki> n.c.: Found among the collection of [http://www.cazy.org/GH0.html non-classified GH sequences in the CAZy Database]. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<biblio> | <biblio> | ||
− | # HeightmanVasella1999 Heightman | + | # HeightmanVasella1999 Heightman TD and Vasella AT. ''Recent Insights into Inhibition, Structure, and Mechanism of Configuration-Retaining Glycosidases.'' Angew Chem Int Ed. 1999 38(6):750-770. [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/55000581/abstract Article online]. |
# Nerinckx2005 pmid=15642336 | # Nerinckx2005 pmid=15642336 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
# Wu2012 pmid=23137336 | # Wu2012 pmid=23137336 | ||
− | + | # Perez1978 Pérez S and Marchessault RH. ''The exo-anomeric effect: experimental evidence from crystal structures.'' Carbohydr res. 1978 65:114-120. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)84218-4 DOI:10.1016/S0008-6215(00)84218-4] | |
− | # Perez1978 Pérez S and Marchessault RH | + | # Cramer1997 Cramer CJ, Truhlar DG, and French AD. ''Exo-anomeric effects on energies and geometries of different conformations of glucose and related systems in the gas phase and aqueous solution.'' Carbohydr res. 1997 298:1-14. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(96)00297-2 DOI:10.1016/S0008-6215(96)00297-2] |
− | |||
− | # Cramer1997 Cramer CJ, Truhlar DG and French AD | ||
− | |||
# Johnson2009 pmid=19733839 | # Johnson2009 pmid=19733839 | ||
+ | # Alonso2016 pmid=26889578 | ||
# Gloster2006 pmid=17002288 | # Gloster2006 pmid=17002288 | ||
# van_Bueren2009 pmid=18976664 | # van_Bueren2009 pmid=18976664 | ||
# Hrmova2001 pmid=11709165 | # Hrmova2001 pmid=11709165 | ||
+ | # Rajan2004 pmid=15341727 | ||
# Varrot2003 pmid=12595701 | # Varrot2003 pmid=12595701 | ||
# Zhou1999 pmid=10508787 | # Zhou1999 pmid=10508787 | ||
# Sulzenbacher1999 pmid=10200171 | # Sulzenbacher1999 pmid=10200171 | ||
− | # | + | # Urbanikova2011 pmid=21501386 |
# Guerin2002 pmid=11884144 | # Guerin2002 pmid=11884144 | ||
# Schubot2004 pmid=14756552 | # Schubot2004 pmid=14756552 | ||
# Suzuki2009 pmid=19279191 | # Suzuki2009 pmid=19279191 | ||
− | # | + | # Wan2014 pmid=24419374 |
# Sandgren2004 pmid=15364577 | # Sandgren2004 pmid=15364577 | ||
# Uitdehaag1999 pmid=10331869 | # Uitdehaag1999 pmid=10331869 | ||
# Miyake2003 pmid=12741813 | # Miyake2003 pmid=12741813 | ||
− | # | + | # Harris1993 pmid=8431441 |
# Allouch2004 pmid=15062085 | # Allouch2004 pmid=15062085 | ||
+ | # Wojtkowiak2013 pmid=23275163 | ||
# Papanikolau2001 pmid=11560481 | # Papanikolau2001 pmid=11560481 | ||
# Prag2000 pmid=10884356 | # Prag2000 pmid=10884356 | ||
Line 1,077: | Line 1,675: | ||
# Karlsen1996 pmid=15299731 | # Karlsen1996 pmid=15299731 | ||
# Baldwin1993 pmid=8259514 | # Baldwin1993 pmid=8259514 | ||
− | # | + | # Cartmell2008 pmid=18799462 |
− | # | + | # Fernandez-Leiro2010 pmid=20592022 |
# Abbott2007 pmid=17397864 | # Abbott2007 pmid=17397864 | ||
− | # | + | # Sakurama2012 pmid=22451675 |
# Sim2008 pmid=18036614 | # Sim2008 pmid=18036614 | ||
# Verhaest2007 pmid=17335500 | # Verhaest2007 pmid=17335500 | ||
# Amaya2004 pmid=15130470 | # Amaya2004 pmid=15130470 | ||
− | # | + | # Zhu2012 pmid=23015718 |
− | # | + | # Maksimainen2011 pmid=21130883 |
+ | # Merceron2012 pmid=23012371 | ||
# Gibson2007 pmid=17455176 | # Gibson2007 pmid=17455176 | ||
− | # | + | # Shah2008 pmid=18599462 |
− | # | + | # Czjzek2005 pmid=16212978 |
− | # | + | # Godoy2016 pmid=27685756 |
+ | # Fujimoto2010 pmid=20739278 | ||
# Kitago2007 pmid=17905739 | # Kitago2007 pmid=17905739 | ||
# Davies1996 pmid=15299721 | # Davies1996 pmid=15299721 | ||
+ | # Lyu2014 pmid=24766439 | ||
# Karaveg2005 pmid=15713668 | # Karaveg2005 pmid=15713668 | ||
# Nerinckx2008 pmid=18619586 | # Nerinckx2008 pmid=18619586 | ||
+ | # Pluvinage2013 pmid=23921382 | ||
+ | # Yuan2005 pmid=15893670 | ||
# Hoevel2003 pmid=14517232 | # Hoevel2003 pmid=14517232 | ||
+ | # Espina2014 pmid=24816105 | ||
+ | # Le_Nours2009 pmid=19089956 | ||
# Miyanaga2004 pmid=15292273 | # Miyanaga2004 pmid=15292273 | ||
− | # | + | # Bianchetti2015 pmid=25752603 |
− | # Markovic-Housley2000 | + | # Markovic-Housley2000 pmid=11080624 |
# Imamura2003 pmid=12618437 | # Imamura2003 pmid=12618437 | ||
− | # | + | # Hill2013 pmid=24297913 |
+ | # Maehara2014 pmid=24482228 | ||
+ | # Miyazaki2016 pmid=27688023 | ||
+ | # Touhara2014 pmid=24828502 | ||
+ | # Suzuki2016 pmid=26494689 | ||
+ | # Golan2004 pmid=14573597 | ||
# Meng2003 pmid=14517548 | # Meng2003 pmid=14517548 | ||
+ | # Ito2011 pmid=21354427 | ||
# Hurtado-Gerrero2009 pmid=19097997 | # Hurtado-Gerrero2009 pmid=19097997 | ||
# Yaoi2007 pmid=17498741 | # Yaoi2007 pmid=17498741 | ||
− | # | + | # Thompson2015 pmid=25772148 |
+ | # Barends2007 pmid=17420245 | ||
+ | # Fujimoto2013 pmid=23486481 | ||
+ | # Wu2015 pmid=26575439 | ||
+ | # Pluvinage2017 pmid=28781080 | ||
# Dennis2006 pmid=16565725 | # Dennis2006 pmid=16565725 | ||
# Abbott2009 pmid=19181667 | # Abbott2009 pmid=19181667 | ||
+ | # Hehemann_1_2012 pmid=23150581 | ||
# Ficko-Blean2008 pmid=18443291 | # Ficko-Blean2008 pmid=18443291 | ||
− | # Zhu2009 | + | # Zhu2009 pmid=20081828 |
− | # | + | # Sogabe2011 pmid=21543843 |
+ | # Nam2015 pmid=26041776 | ||
# Nagae2007 pmid=17459873 | # Nagae2007 pmid=17459873 | ||
# Kitamura2008 pmid=18981178 | # Kitamura2008 pmid=18981178 | ||
+ | # Higgins2009 pmid=19608744 | ||
# van_Straaten2007 pmid=17502382 | # van_Straaten2007 pmid=17502382 | ||
+ | # van_Asselt2000 pmid=10684641 | ||
+ | # Ndeh2017 pmid=28329766 | ||
+ | # Labourel2019 pmid=30877196 | ||
+ | # Luis2018 pmid=29255254 | ||
+ | # Bule2019 pmid=31645552 | ||
+ | # Jin2016 Jin Y, Petricevic M, John A, Raich L, Jenkins H, Portela De Souza L, Cuskin F, Gilbert HJ, Rovira C, Goddard-Borger ED, Williams SJ, and Davies GJ. ''A β-Mannanase with a Lysozyme-like Fold and a Novel Molecular Catalytic Mechanism.'' ACS Cent Sci. 2016 Nov [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.6b00232 DOI:10.1021/acscentsci.6b00232] | ||
+ | # Yamada2017 pmid=28392148 | ||
+ | # Ohnuma2014 pmid=24582745 | ||
+ | # Thompson2012 pmid=22219371 | ||
+ | # Xie2016 pmid=27777307 | ||
+ | # Williams2014 pmid=24339341 | ||
+ | # Hehemann_2_2012 pmid=22393053 | ||
+ | # Huang2012 pmid=22992047 | ||
+ | # Noach2016 pmid=27038508 | ||
+ | # Alonso-Gil2016 pmid=28026180 | ||
+ | # Huang2014 Huang CH, Zhu Z, Cheng YS, Chan HC, Ko TP, Chen CC, Wang I, Ho MR, Hsu ST, Zeng YF, Huang YN, Liu JR, Guo RT. ''Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family-127 β-L-Arabinofuranosidase (HypBA1).'' J Bioprocess Biotech. 2014 4:171 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9821.1000171 DOI:10.4172/2155-9821.1000171] | ||
+ | # Tsuda2015 pmid=26632508 | ||
+ | # Barbirz2008 pmid=18547389 | ||
+ | # Tanaka2019 pmid=30926603 | ||
+ | # Armstrong2020 pmid=31871050 | ||
+ | # Santos2020 pmid=32451508 | ||
+ | # Kashima2021 pmid=34688653 | ||
+ | # McGuire2020 pmid=33127644 | ||
+ | # Shuoker2023 pmid=37005422 | ||
+ | # Shimokawa2023 pmid=37726269 | ||
</biblio> | </biblio> | ||
[[Category:Definitions and explanations]] | [[Category:Definitions and explanations]] |
Latest revision as of 00:29, 26 October 2023
This page has been approved by the Responsible Curator as essentially complete. CAZypedia is a living document, so further improvement of this page is still possible. If you would like to suggest an addition or correction, please contact the page's Responsible Curator directly by e-mail.
Overview
This page provides a table that summarizes the spatial positioning of the catalytic general acid residue in the active sites of glycoside hydrolases, relative to the substrate. The table below updates those found in the seminal paper on this concept by Heightman and Vasella [1], and a following paper by Nerinckx et al. [2].
Background
The "not from above, but from the side" concept of semi-lateral glycosidic oxygen protonation by glycoside hydrolases was introduced by Heightman and Vasella [1]. It was originally only described for beta-equatorial glycoside hydrolases, but appears to be equally applicable to enzymes acting on an alpha-axial glycosidic bond [2]. When dividing subsite -1 into half-spaces by a plane defined by the glycosidic oxygen and C1' and H1' of the –1 glycoside, many ligand-complexed structures reveal that the proton donor is positioned either in the syn half-space (near the ring-oxygen of the –1 glycoside), or in the anti half-space (on the opposite side of the ring-oxygen). Members of the same GH family appear to share a common syn or anti protonator arrangement and further, this specificity appears to be preserved within Clans of families. This page's compilation of subsite -1 occupied complexes shows that about 70% of all GH families are anti protonators.
Closer inspection of crystal structures of –1/+1 subsite-spanning substrates, or substrate-analogue ligands, in complex with enzymes reveals a further intriguing corollary [2, 3]. In substrate-bound complexes with anti protonating GH enzymes, the scissile anomeric bond (often studied using the thio-analogue) shows a dihedral angle φ (O5'-C1'-[O,S]x-Cx) that is in the lowest-energy synclinal (gauche) conformation. The rationale for this is that a minus synclinal dihedral angle φ for an equatorial glycosidic bond, or plus synclinal for an axial glycosidic bond [4], allows for hyperconjugative overlap of the C1'-O5' antibonding orbital with an antiperiplanar-oriented lone pair orbital lobe of the glycosidic oxygen, thereby creating partial double bond character and stabilization of the glycosidic bond by 4–5 kcal/mol; this ground-state stabilizing phenomenon is known as the ‘exo-anomeric effect’ [5, 6, 7]. Anti protonation occurs on the glycosidic oxygen’s antiperiplanar lone pair, thereby removing the stabilizing exo-anomeric effect. This suggests that anti protonation is an enzymic approach for lowering the activation barrier leading to the transition state (Figure 1 centre).
Syn protonating glycoside hydrolases apparently make use of a different approach [2, 3]. In many –1/+1 subsite-spanning ligand complexes, the dihedral angle φ of the scissile anomeric bond has been rotated away from its lowest-energy synclinal position: clockwise to minus-anticlinal or antiperiplanar for beta-equatorial; counterclockwise to plus-anticlinal or antiperiplanar for alpha-axial anomeric bonds. This removes the hyperconjugative overlap and thus also the stabilizing exo-anomeric effect. And because of this rotation, a lone pair of the glycosidic oxygen is directed into the syn half-space, allowing it to be protonated by the syn-positioned proton donor (Figure 1 right).
![](/images/thumb/8/82/Syn_anti.jpg/800px-Syn_anti.jpg)
Table of syn/anti protonation examples
This table contains only one example per GH family of a ligand-complexed protein structure where the syn or anti positioning of the proton donor can be clearly observed; other examples may be available on a family-by-family basis. The reader is thus advised to consult the CAZy database for a current, comprehensive list of CAZyme structures. Where available, the selected examples are Michaelis-type complexes with the ligand spanning the -1/+1 subsites, since these have an intact glycosidic or thioglycosidic bond, or are N-analogs of the substrate (e.g. acarbose). In some examples, the proton donor has been mutated (e.g., to the corresponding amide or to an alanine), and in those cases one may wish to look at a superposition of the given PDB example with the structure of the native enzyme. If a Michaelis-type complex is not yet available, the second and third example choices, respectively, are trapped glycosyl-enzyme intermediates and product complexes where subsite -1 is occupied.
Please also be aware that this is a large table with many data. Please contact the page Author or Responsible Curator with corrections.
Table
This table can be re-sorted by clicking on the icons in the header (javascript must be turned on in your browser). To reset the page to be sorted by GH family, click the View tab at the very top of the page.
Family | Clan | Structure fold | Anomeric specificity | Mechanism | Syn/anti protonator | Example PDB ID | Enzyme | Organism | Ligand | General acid | Nucleophile or General base | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GH1 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2cer | β-glycosidase S | Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 | phenethyl glucoimidazole | Glu206 | Glu387 | [8] |
GH2 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d / alpha-l | retaining | anti | 2vzu | exo-β-glucosaminidase | Amicolatopsis orientalis | PNP-β-d-glucosamine | Glu469 | Glu541 | [9] |
GH3 | none | (β/α)8 | beta-d / alpha-l | retaining | anti | 1iex | exo-1,3-1,4-glucanase | Hordeum vulgare | thiocellobiose | Glu491 | Asp285 | [10] |
GH4 | none | Rossmann + α6/β3 + β3/α4 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 1u8x | 6-P-α-glucosidase | Bacillus subtilis | alpha-d-glucose-6-phosphate | Asp172 | not applicable | [11] |
GH5 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 1h2j | endo-β-1,4-glucanase | Bacillus agaradhaerens | 2',4'-DNP-2-F-cellobioside | Glu129 | Glu228 | [12] |
GH6 | none | (β/α)8 | beta-d | inverting | syn | 1qjw | cellobiohydrolase 2 | Hypocrea jecorina | (Glc)2-S-(Glc)2 | Asp221 | debated | [13] |
GH7 | B | β-jelly roll | beta-d | retaining | syn | 1ovw | endo-1,4-glucanase | Fusarium oxysporum | thio-(Glc)5 | Glu202 | Glu197 | [14] |
GH8 | M | (α/α)6 | beta-d | inverting | anti | 1kwf | endo-1,4-glucanase | Clostridium thermocellum | cellopentaose | Glu95 | Asp278 | [15] |
GH9 | none | (α/α)6 | beta-d | inverting | syn | 1rq5 | cellobiohydrolase | Clostridium thermocellum | cellotetraose | Glu795 | Asp383 | [16] |
GH10 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2d24 | β-1,4-xylanase | Streptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86 | xylopentaose | Glu128 | Glu236 | [17] |
GH11 | C | β-jelly roll | beta-d | retaining | syn | 4hk8 | endo-β-1,4-xylanase | Hypocrea jecorina | xylohexaose | Glu177 | Glu86 | [18] |
GH12 | C | β-jelly roll | beta-d | retaining | syn | 1w2u | endoglucanase | Humicola grisea | thiocellotetraose | Glu205 | Glu120 | [19] |
GH13 | H | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 1cxk | β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase | Bacillus circulans | maltononaose | Glu257 | Asp229 | [20] |
GH14 | none | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | inverting | syn | 1itc | β-amylase | Bacillus cereus | maltopentaose | Glu172 | Glu367 | [21] |
GH15 | L | (α/α)6 | alpha-d | inverting | anti | 1dog | glucoamylase | Aspergillus awamori | 1-deoxynojirimycin | Glu179 | Glu400 | [22] |
GH16 | B | β-jelly roll | beta-d | retaining | syn | 1urx | β-agarase A | Zobellia galactanivorans | oligoagarose | Glu152 | Glu147 | [23] |
GH17 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 4gzj | endo-β-1,3-glucanase | Solanum tuberosum | laminaratriose + laminarabiose | Glu118 | Glu259 | [24] |
GH18 | K | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 1ffr | chitinase A | Serratia marcescens | (NAG)6 | Glu315 | internal | [25] |
GH19 | none | lysozyme type | beta-d | inverting | syn | 3wh1 | chitinase | Bryum coronatum | (GlcNAc)4 | Glu61 | Glu70 | [26] |
GH20 | K | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 1c7s | chitobiase | Serratia marcescens | chitobiose | Glu540 | internal | [27] |
GH22 | none | lysozyme type | beta-d | retaining | syn | 1h6m | lysozyme C | Gallus gallus | Chit-2-F-chitosyl | Glu35 | Asp52 | [28] |
GH23 | none | lysozyme type | beta-d | inverting | syn | 1lsp | lysozyme G | Cygnus atratus | Bulgecin A | Glu73 | internal | [29] |
GH24 | I | α + β | beta-d | inverting | syn | 148l | lysozyme E | Bacteriophage T4 | chitobiosyl | Glu11 | Glu26 | [30] |
GH26 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2vx6 | exo-β-mannanase | Cellvibrio japonicus Ueda107 | Gal1Man4 | Glu221 | Glu338 | [31] |
GH27 | D | (β/α)8 | alpha-d / beta-l | retaining | anti | 3lrm | α-galactosidase | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | raffinose | Asp209 | Asp141 | [32] |
GH28 | N | β-helix | alpha-d (and α-l-rham) | inverting | anti | 2uvf | exo-polygalacturonosidase | Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC9610D | digalacturonic acid | Asp402 | Asp381 Asp403 | [33] |
GH29 | R | (β/α)8 | alpha-l | retaining | syn | 3uet | α-1,3/4-fucosidase | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | lacto-N-fucopentaose II | Glu217 | Asp172 | [34] |
GH30 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2y24 | glucurono-xylanase | Dickea chrysanthemi D1 | glucuronoxylan tetrasaccharide | Glu163 | Glu253 | [35] |
GH31 | D | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 2qmj | maltase-glucoamylase | Homo sapiens | acarbose | Asp542 | Asp443 | [36] |
GH32 | J | 5-fold β-propeller | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2add | fructan β-(2,1)-fructosidase | Cichorium intybus | sucrose | Glu201 | Asp22 | [37] |
GH33 | E | 6-fold β-propeller | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 1s0i | transsialidase | Trypanosoma cruzi | sialyllactose | Asp59 | Tyr342 | [38] |
GH34 | E | 6-fold β-propeller | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 4gzw | N2 neuraminidase | Influenza A Tanzania/205/2010 H3N2 | α-d-Neup5Ac-(2,3)-β-d-Galp-(1,4)-β-d-GlcpNAc | Asp151 | Tyr406 | [39] |
GH35 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 3ogv | β-galactosidase | Hypocrea jecorina | 2-phenylethyl 1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside | Glu200 | Glu298 | [40] |
GH36 | D | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 4fnu | β-galactosidase | Geobacillus stearothermophilus | stachyose | Asp584 | Asp478 | [41] |
GH37 | G | (α/α)6 | alpha-d | inverting | anti | 2jf4 | trehalase | Escherichia coli | validoxylamine | Asp312 | Glu496 | [42] |
GH38 | none | (β/α)7 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 3czn | Golgi α-mannosidase II | Drosophila melanogaster | GlcNAcMan(5)GlcNAc(2) | Asp341 | Asp204 | [43] |
GH39 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d / alpha-l | retaining | anti | 2bfg | β-xylosidase | Geobacillus stearothermophilus | 2,5-dinitrophenyl-β-d-xyloside | Glu160 | Glu278 | [44] |
GH42 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d / alpha-l | retaining | anti | 4ucf | β-galactosidase | Bifidobacterium bifidum | d-galactose | Glu161 | Glu320 | [45] |
GH43 | F | 5-fold β-propeller | beta-d / alpha-l | inverting | anti | 3akh | exo-1,5-α-l-arabinofuranosidase | Streptomyces avermitilis | α-1,5-arabinofuranotriose | Glu196 | Asp220 | [46] |
GH44 | none | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2eqd | endoglucanase | Clostridium thermocellum | cellooctaose | Glu186 | Glu359 | [47] |
GH45 | none | 6-stranded β-barrel | beta-d | inverting | syn | 4eng | endo-1,4-glucanase | Humicola insolens | cellohexaose | Asp121 | Asp10 | [48] |
GH46 | I | lysozyme type | beta-d | inverting | syn | 4olt | chitosanase | Microbacterium sp. OU01 | hexa-glucosamine | Glu25 | Asp43 | [49] |
GH47 | none | (α/α)7 | alpha-d | inverting | anti | 1x9d | α-mannosidase I | Homo sapiens | Me-2-S-(α-Man)-2-thio-α-Man | Asp463 | Glu599 | [50], [51] |
GH48 | M | (α/α)6 | beta-d | inverting | predicted anti by clan | see at GH8 | ||||||
GH49 | N | β-helix | alpha-d | inverting | predicted anti by clan | see at GH28 | ||||||
GH50 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 4bq5 | exo-β-agarase | Saccharophagus degradans | neoagarotetraose | Glu535 | Glu695 | [52] |
GH51 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d / alpha-l | retaining | anti | 1qw9 | α-l-arabinofuranosidase | Geobacillus stearothermophilus | PNP-l-arabinofuranoside | Glu175 | Glu294 | [53] |
GH52 | O | (α/α)6 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 4c1p | β-xylosidase | Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius | xylobiose | Asp517 | Glu537 | [54] |
GH53 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2ccr | β-1,4-galactanase | Bacillus licheniformis | galactotriose | Glu165 | Glu263 | [55] |
GH54 | none | β-sandwich | beta-d / alpha-l | retaining | anti | 1wd4 | α-l-arabinofuranosidase B | Aspergillus kawachii | l-arabinofuranose | Asp297 | Glu221 | [56] |
GH55 | none | β-helix | beta-d | inverting | syn | 4tz5 | exo-β-1,3-glucanase | Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E | laminarihexaose | Glu502 | unknown | [57] |
GH56 | none | (β/α)7 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 1fcv | hyaluronidase | Apis mellifera | (hyaluron.)4 | Glu113 | internal | [58] |
GH57 | none | (β/α)7 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 1k1y | glucanotransferase | Thermococcus litoralis | acarbose | Asp214 | Glu123 | [59] |
GH59 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 4ccc | β-galactocerebrosidase | Mus musculus | PNP-β-d-galactoside | Glu182 | Glu258 | [60] |
GH62 | F | 5-fold β-propeller | alpha-l | inverting | anti | 3wn0 | α-l-arabinofuranosidase | Streptomyces coelicolor | β-l-Arabinofuranose | Glu361 | Asp202 | [61] |
GH63 | G | (α/α)6 | alpha-d | inverting | anti | 5ca3 | α-glucosidase | Escherichia coli | glucose and lactose | Asp501 | Glu727 | [62] |
GH65 | L | (α/α)6 | alpha-d (and α-l-rham) | inverting | anti | 4ktr | 2-O-α-glucosylglycerol phosphorylase | Bacillus selenitireducens | isofagomine | Glu475 | phosphate | [63] |
GH66 | none | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 5axh | dextranase | Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus | isomaltohexaose | Glu374 | Asp312 | [64] |
GH67 | none | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | inverting | syn | 1l8n | α-glucuronidase | Geobacillus stearothermophilus | 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid and xylotriose | Glu286 | Asp364 Glu392 | [65] |
GH68 | J | 5-fold β-propeller | beta-d | retaining | anti | 1pt2 | levansucrase | Bacillus subtilis | sucrose | Glu342 | Asp86 | [66] |
GH70 | H | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 3aic | glucansucrase | Streptococcus mutans | α-acarbose | Glu515 | Asp477 | [67] |
GH72 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2w62 | β-1,3-glucanotransferase | Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C | laminaripentaose | Glu176 | Glu275 | [68] |
GH74 | none | 7-fold β-propeller | beta-d | inverting | syn | 2ebs | cellobiohydrolase (OXG-RCBH) | Geotrichum sp. m128 | xyloglucan heptasaccharide | Asp465 | Asp35 | [69] |
GH76 | none | (α/α)6 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 5agd | endo-α-1,6-mannanase | Bacillus circulans | α-1,6-mannopentaose | Asp125 | Asp124 | [70] |
GH77 | H | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 2oww | 4-α-glucanotransferase | Thermus thermofilus | acarbose + 4-deoxy-α-d-glucose | Glu340 | Asp293 | [71] |
GH78 | H | (α/α)6 | alpha-l | inverting | anti | 3w5n | α-l-rhamnosidase | Streptomyces avermitilis | l-rhamnose | Glu636 | Glu895 | [72] |
GH79 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 5e9c | heparanase | Homo sapiens | heparin tetrasaccharide | Glu225 | Glu343 | [73] |
GH80 | I | α + β | beta-d | inverting | predicted syn by clan | see at GH24 | ||||||
GH81 | none | β-sandwich | beta-d | inverting | syn | 5t4g | endo-β-1,3-glucanase | Bacillus halodurans C-125 | laminarin | Asp466 | Glu542 | [74] |
GH83 | E | 6-fold β-propeller | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 1z4x | hemagglutinin-neuraminidase | Simian virus 5 | α-2,3-sialyllactose | Glu247 relay | Tyr523 | [75] |
GH84 | none | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2chn | β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 | NAG-thiazoline | Glu242 | internal | [76] |
GH85 | K | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 2w92 | endo-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase D | Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 | NAG-thiazoline | Glu337 | internal | [77] |
GH86 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 4aw7 | β-porphyranase | Bacteroides plebeius | porphyran fragment | Glu152 | Glu279 | [78] |
GH89 | none | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 2vcb | α-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase | Clostridium perfringens | PUGNAc | Glu483 | Glu601 | [79] |
GH92 | none | (α/α)6 and β-sandwich | alpha-d | inverting | anti | 2ww1 | α-1,2-mannosidase | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 | thiomannobioside | Glu533 | Asp644 Asp642 | [80] |
GH93 | E | 6-fold β-propeller | alpha-l | retaining | anti | 3a72 | exo-arabinanase | Penicillium chrysogenum | arabinobiose | Glu246 | Glu174 | [81] |
GH94 | Q | (α/α)6 | beta-d | inverting | syn | 4zli | cellobionic acid phosphorylase | Saccharophagus degradans | 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-α-d-glucopyranuronic acid | Asp472 | phosphate | [82] |
GH95 | none | (α/α)6 | alpha-l | inverting | anti | 2ead | α-1,2-l-fucosidase | Bifidobacterium bifidum | Fuc-α-1,2-Gal | Glu566 | Asn423 Asp766 | [83] |
GH97 | none | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining + inverting | anti | 2zq0 | α-glucosidase | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 | acarbose | Glu532 | Glu508 | [84] |
GH98 | none | (β/α)8 and β-sandwich | beta-d | inverting | anti | 2wmg | endo-β-1,4-galactosidase | Streptococcus pneumoniae | A-LewisY pentasaccharide | Glu158 | Asp251 Glu301 | [85] |
GH99 | none | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 4ad4 | endo-α-mannosidase | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | glucose-1,3-isofagomine and α-1,2- mannobiose | Glu336 | debated | [86] |
GH100 | none | (α/α)6 core | beta-d | inverting | anti | 5gop | invertase | Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. pcc7120 | sucrose | Asp188 | Glu414 | [87] |
GH102 | none | double-ψ β-barrel | beta-d | retaining | syn | 2pi8 | lytic transglycosylase A | Escherichia coli | chitohexaose | Asp308 | none | [88] |
GH103 | none | lysozyme type | beta-d | retaining | syn | 1d0k | lytic transglycosylase SLT35 | Escherichia coli | murodipeptides | Glu162 | internal | [89] |
GH106 | none | (β/α)8 | alpha-l | inverting | anti | 5mwk | α-l-rhamnosidase BT_0986 | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | pectin heptasaccharide | Glu461 | Glu593 or Glu561 | [90] |
GH107 | R | (β/α)8 | alpha-l | retaining | predicted syn by clan | see at GH29 | ||||||
GH110 | none | parallel β-helix | alpha-d | inverting | anti | 7jwf | α-1,3-galactosidase | Pseudoalteromonas distincta | Gal-α1,3-Gal | Asp344 | Asp321 Asp345 | [91] |
GH113 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 4cd8 | β-mannanase | Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius | mannobioimidazole | Glu151 | Glu231 | [92] |
GH116 | O | (α/α)6 and β-sandwich | beta-d | retaining | predicted anti by clan | see at GH52 | ||||||
GH117 | none | 5-fold β-propeller | alpha-l | inverting | anti | 4ak7 | α-1,3-3,6-anhydro-l-galactosidase | Bacteroides plebeius | neoagarobiose | His302 (relay from Asp320) | Asp90 | [93] |
GH120 | none | parallel β-helix and β-sandwich | beta-d | retaining | anti | 3vsv | β-xylosidase XylC | Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum JW/SL-YS485 | d-xylose | Glu405 | Asp382 | [94] |
GH123 | none | (β/α)8 and β-sandwich | beta-d | retaining | anti | 5fr0 | exo-β-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase | Clostridium perfringens | N-difluoroacetyl-d-galactosamine | Glu345 | internal | [95] |
GH125 | L | (α/α)6 | alpha-d | inverting | anti | 5m7y | exo-α-1,6-mannosidase | Clostridium perfringens | 1,6-α-mannotriose | Asp220 | Glu393 | [96] |
GH127 | P | (α/α)6 and β-sandwich | beta-l | retaining | anti | 3wrg | β-l-arabinofuranosidase | Bifidobacterium longum | l-arabinose | Glu322 | Cys417 | [97] |
GH128 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 6ufl | β-1,3-glucanase | Amycolatopsis mediterranei | laminarihexaose | Glu102 | Glu199 | [98] |
GH130 | none | 5-fold β-propeller | beta-d | inverting | anti | 5b0s | β-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase | Listeria innocua | β-1,2-mannotriose | Asp141 relay | phosphate | [99] |
GH134 | none | β + α | beta-d | inverting | syn | 5jug | β-mannanase | Streptomyces sp. | mannopentaose | Glu45 | Asp57 | [100] |
GH136 | none | β-helix | beta-d | retaining | syn | 5gqf | lacto-N-biosidase | Bifidobacterium longum | lacto-N-biose | Asp411 | Asp418 | [101] |
GH137 | none | 5-fold β-propeller | beta-l | unknown | anti | 5mui | β-l-arabinofuranosidase BT_0996 | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | pectin oligosaccharide | Glu240 | Glu159 | [90] |
GH138 | none | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | retaining | syn | 6hzg | α-1,2-d-galacturonidase | Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus | alpha-d-galactopyranuronic | Glu294 | Glu361 | [102] |
GH146 | P | (α/α)6 and β-sandwich | beta-l | retaining | anti | 5opj | β-l-arabinofuranosidase BT_0349 | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | l-arabinose | Glu320 | Cys416 | [103] |
GH147 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | predicted anti by clan | see at e.g. GH1 | ||||||
GH148 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | predicted anti by clan | see at e.g. GH1 | ||||||
GH149 | Q | (α/α)6 | beta-d | inverting | predicted syn by clan | see at GH94 | ||||||
GH156 | none | (β/α)8 | alpha-d | inverting | syn | 6s0e | exo-α-sialidase | uncultured bacterium pG7 | N-acetyl-2,3-dehydro-2-deoxyneuraminic acid | His134 (relay from Asp132) | Asp14 | [104] |
GH157 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | predicted anti by clan | see at e.g. GH1 | ||||||
GH158 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | predicted anti by clan | see at e.g. GH1 | ||||||
GH161 | Q | (α/α)6 | beta-d | retaining | predicted syn by clan | see at GH94 | ||||||
GH162 | none | (α/α)6 | beta-d | inverting | syn | 6imw | endo-β-1,2-glucanase | Talaromyces funiculosus | beta-1,2-glucan | Glu262 via C3-OH of glc at subs. +2 | Asp446 | [105] |
GH164 | A | (β/α)8 | beta-d | retaining | anti | 6t75 | β-mannosidase | Bacteroides salyersiae | 2-deoxy-2-F-mannosyl | Glu160 | Glu297 | [106] |
GH172 | none | β-jelly roll | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 7v1w | difructose-anhydride synthase | Bifidobacterium dentum | beta-d-arabinofuranose | Glu270 | Glu291 | [107] |
GH181 | E | 6-fold β-propeller | alpha-d | inverting | anti | 8axi | exo-α-sialidase | Akkermansia muciniphila | 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid + T-antigen disaccharide | Asp345 | Glu218 | [108] |
GH183 | none | 5-bladed β-propeller | alpha-d | retaining | anti | 8ic1 | endo-α-1,5-d-arabinofuranosidase | Microbacterium arabinogalactanolyticum JCM 9171 | α-d-Araf-(1,5)-α-d-Araf-(1,5)-α-d-Araf-(1,5)-α-d-Araf | Asp51 | Asp33 | [109] |
n.c.* | none | parallel β-helix | alpha-d | inverting | anti | 2vjj | endo-α-N-acetylglucosaminidase | Bacteriophage HK620 | O18A1 O-antigen hexasaccharide | Asp339 | Glu372 | [110] |
* n.c.: Found among the collection of non-classified GH sequences in the CAZy Database.
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